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4. 多媒体

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3. 硬件设置

3.1. 内置网卡

配置网卡地址,编辑文件/etc/network/interfaces。默认配置如下:

iface eth0 inet dhcp

如果设置为固定IP,可参照帮助:

$ man interfaces

3.2. 无线网卡

dmesg诊断:

$ dmesg | grep usb

查看USB设备中的无线网卡:

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0bda:8178 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8192CU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
...

安装无线网卡相应的firmeware。

$ sudo aptitude install firmware-realtek

无线网卡正确驱动后,执行下面命令扫描可用的无线网络:

$ iwlist scan | less

编辑/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf文件,在该文件中添加不同的无线网设置,以便自动适配。

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
# WPA-Personal (PSK)
network={
    ssid="home"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="密钥"
    id_str="home"
}
# work network; use EAP-TLS with WPA; allow only CCMP and TKIP ciphers
network={
    ssid="work"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
    pairwise=CCMP TKIP
    group=CCMP TKIP
    eap=TLS
    identity="user@example.com"
    ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
    client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem"
    private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv"
    private_key_passwd="password"
    id_str="work"
}
# non encrypted network
network={
    ssid="unsecure"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=NONE
    id_str="unsecure"
}

然后编辑/etc/network/interfaces配置文件。如果无线网卡自动设置IP地址,如下:

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
  wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

iface default inet dhcp

如果希望在不同环境下(id_str设定环境名),采用不同IP地址分配策略:

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
  wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf


# Leave this in to default to dhcp
iface default inet dhcp


# At home, we want to have a static IP 192.168.1.2/24 with default gw 192.168.1.1
iface home inet static
        address 192.168.1.2
        network 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.1.1


# At work, we want static IP 10.0.0.10/24 with default gw 10.0.0.1
iface work inet static
        address 10.0.0.20
        network 255.255.255.0
        gateway 10.0.0.1

启动无线网:

$ sudo ifdown wlan0
$ sudo ifup wlan0

查看无线网卡:

$ sudo iwconfig

查看无线网卡IP:

$ sudo ifconfig wlan0

3.3. 蓝牙

安装软件:

$ sudo aptitude install bluetooth bluez-utils

安装桌面下的蓝牙配置图形界面:

$ sudo aptitude install blueman

编辑配置文件/etc/default/bluetoolth

  1. 自动启动蓝牙:

    BLUETOOTH_ENABLED=1
    
  2. 启用蓝牙鼠标和键盘:

    HID2HCI_ENABLED=1
    

如果使用图形界面配置蓝牙,下面的步骤可以忽略。

检查蓝牙服务状态:

$ /etc/init.d/bluetooth status

显示USB蓝牙模块,已确认正确安装:

$ hcitool dev
Devices:
        hci0    00:1A:7D:DA:71:13

扫描蓝牙设备:

$ hcitool scan
Scanning ...
       00:0F:F6:82:D1:BB       Motorola Bluetooth Wireless Keyboard

记录设备的MAC地址,用下面命令和蓝牙设备配对:

$ bluez-simple-agent hci0 00:0F:F6:82:D1:BB
RequestPinCode (/org/bluez/3964/hci0/dev_00_0F_F6_82_D1_BB)
Enter PIN Code: Release
New device (/org/bluez/3964/hci0/dev_00_0F_F6_82_D1_BB)

信任设备以便下次自动连接:

$ bluez-test-device trusted 00:0F:F6:82:D1:BB yes

或者:

$ bt-device --set 00:0F:F6:82:D1:BB Trusted 1

查看蓝牙连接:

$ hcitool con
Connections:
       < ACL 00:0F:F6:82:D1:BB handle 41 state 1 lm MASTER AUTH ENCRYPT

查看注册的蓝牙设备:

$ bt-device -l

蓝牙音频

$ sudo aptitude install pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth bluez-audio pavucontrol bluez-firmware bluez-tools

bt-audio -c 00:02:3C:38:AC:B9